A Deformations are typically due to an insult in the first trimester whereas malformations occur due to insults in the second or third trimester.

[Feedback :- Deformities occur to an already-formed organ or structure. They therefore occur later, unlike malformations which are due to abnormal tissue development and often occur in very early pregnancy when there is rapid organogenesis.]

B Congenital anomaly registers allow researchers to identify clusters of abnormality and may allow earlier identification of a teratogenic source.

This is the Correct Answer

[Feedback :- It is important to monitor congenital abnormalities to understand their aetiology. Preconception folic acid supplementation to prevent spina bifida shows the benefit of recognizing high-risk groups.]

C Deformities of the skull bones are extremely rare and need urgent neurosurgical referral.

[Feedback :- Plagiocephaly is the most common deformity of the skull bone in newborns and may be due to an abnormal lie in the pelvis. There is often an associated congenital torticollis.]

D An abnormal uterus or breech position does not cause limb abnormalities to occur.

[Feedback :- Deformity is sometimes associated with abnormalities such as bicornuate uterus or severe oligohydramnios. Breech babies have a higher incidence of lower limb deformation (e.g. extended breech).]

E Talipes equinovarus responds best to early corrective surgery by an orthopaedic surgeon.

[Feedback :- Serial plaster-casting over a period of months has been shown to give better long-term results than surgery.]